The construction sector is a major, yet often overlooked, source of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and local air pollution in Europe. Non-road mobile machinery (NRMM) used on construction sites contributes significantly to emissions of CO₂, NOₓ, particulate matter (PM), and noise pollution. Transitioning to Zero-Emission Construction Sites (ZECS), where construction activities are powered by electric machinery, presents a unique opportunity to improve urban air quality, protect public health, and advance climate neutrality goals. 

Oslo has led the way globally in operationalising ZECS at scale, as part of a winder effort to reduce 95% of direct GHG emissions by 2030. Since 2015, the city has implemented a step-by-step strategy to eliminate fossil fuels from construction, beginning with fossil-free requirements (biodiesel) and progressing towards fully zero-emission sites. The city mandated that, from 2025, all public construction projects must be zero-emission, with a goal of achieving 100% ZECS citywide, including private developments, by 2030. 

Key lessons from Oslo’s journey include: 

• Long-term vision and political leadership were essential to steer the market towards clean technologies. 

• Strategic use of public procurement—embedding environmental criteria into tenders, not just lowest price—created strong demand signals. 

• Early and continuous market dialogue with contractors, suppliers, and grid operators helped overcome technological and logistical barriers. 

• Energy systems planning and collaboration with grid operators were critical to ensure adequate power supply for ZECS operations. 

• Pilot projects such as Olav Vs Gate allowed the city to de-risk innovation, build contractor confidence, and refine technical specifications. 

• Data-driven approaches using life-cycle assessments and emissions reporting helped measure progress and improve future project designs. 

This report first sets the scene by explaining why ZECS are crucial for the European construction sector, European manufacturers and the green transition. It then dives into the lessons learned from Oslo’s pioneering approach and finally explores the current landscape and future opportunities for ZECS uptake across Europe.