Article 23 Penalty Regimes across eleven Member States: A Comparative Analysis
This assessment examines how the eleven Member States hosting obligated oil and gas entities are implementing Article 23(13) of the NZIA, three month...
Publication
On December 1st, 2025, the European Commission adopted a new Union list of energy Projects of Common Interest (PCIs) and Projects of Mutual Interest (PMIs), granting priority status under the revised TEN-E Regulation to 113 electricity, offshore and smart electricity grid projects, 100 hydrogen and electrolyser projects, 17 CO₂ transport infrastructure projects, 3 smart gas grids projects and 2 gas projects linked to island Member States (Malta and Cyprus).
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