This report examines the potential of biological by-products and underutilised bioresources for sustainable feed production, with a focus on supporting circularity, climate objectives, and strategic autonomy. It assesses feed-relevant biomass volumes, identifies regulatory and market barriers, and highlights pathways to increase the use of domestic resources within EU and Norwegian value chains, while proposing actionable measures to unlock their full potential.

Key findings include:

• Establishing a robust biomass hierarchy is essential, as it provides the framework to allocate biological by-products and residual streams to high-value applications like feed, helping Europe manage limited resources efficiently and sustainably.
• Enhancing domestic feed supply can reduce Europe’s dependence on imports, mitigate exposure to global market volatility, and strengthen resilient, climate-friendly, circular food systems.
• Significant volumes of animal by-products, mixed food waste, agricultural residues, and aquatic residual streams remain untapped. Mobilising these could expand feed supply without increasing land use or pressure on primary resources.
• Current EU and national regulations restrict the use of many biological by-products and secondary biomass streams, limiting circular feed opportunities; addressing these barriers is crucial to unlock their full potential.
• Selected European and Norwegian case studies illustrate practical applications, the potential for scaling up, and alignment with feed and biomass hierarchies.

This report demonstrates that substantial volumes domestic biological by-products and underutilised biomass streams across Europe are going largely untapped. Unlocking their potential through targeted regulatory adjustments, safe valorisation pathways, and strategic investment can transform these wasted resources into resilient, circular, and self-reliant feed systems.