The importance of Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS) deployment in the EU has gained growing recognition over the past decade. At the EU level, we are now moving towards a comprehensive regulatory framework for CCS:

• CO₂ Storage Directive: The CO₂ Storage Directive regulates the environmentally safe and permanent geological storage of CO₂.
• Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA): The Net-Zero Industry Act (NZIA) sets a clear target and obligation on oil and gas producers to develop CO₂ storage capacity and accelerates permitting for CCS technologies.
• EU Emissions Trading System (ETS): The EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) provides a carbon price signal that strengthens the business case for capturing and storing emissions and exempts companies that permanently store their emissions from the obligation to surrender allowances.

The European Commission is also preparing a proposal for a CO₂ Infrastructure and Markets Regulation to ensure fair and transparent market rules, as well as clear infrastructure standards to ensure cross-border operability. 

To help derisk deployment and attract investment, the EU has made available several funding and financing instruments, including the Innovation Fund, the Connecting Europe Facility (CEF), and, to a certain extent, the Just Transition Fund and Modernisation Fund. The EU has set out a long-term vision for CCS deployment in its Industrial Carbon Management Strategy. This strategy outlines key supporting measures, such as the CO₂ Storage Investment Atlas, a CO₂ Aggregation Platform, and a Knowledge-Sharing Platform, already under development. The EU also supports cooperation and knowledge exchange through the Industrial Carbon Management (ICM) Forum, an annual conference bringing together CCS stakeholders from across Europe. 

However, the actual deployment of CCS projects will take place within Member States. Their involvement is crucial for developing the necessary transport and storage infrastructure, integrating CCS into that national climate strategy, ensuring social licence, and providing regulatory certainty for project developers.

This is why we are tracking Member State involvement in CCS developments across Europe on a Member State basis. On this page, you can explore the extent to which national governments are engaging with CCS deployment in their countries. Our analysis draws on how CCS is addressed in the National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), as well as the implementation of NZIA Article 23, which requires 44 oil and gas producers across the EU to develop 50 Mt of annual CO₂ injection capacity by 2030. 

Browse our Member State-by-Member State overview to follow how engaged Member State governments are in CCS deployment across Europe ⬇️

Read our consolidated report to learn how and to what extent Member States address the need for CCS in their National Energy and Climate Plans (NECPs), based on the European Commission’s recommendations. We analysed each NECP against 6 criteria – covering implementation plans, identified CO₂ capture needs, reported CO₂ storage potential, CO₂ transport infrastructure, availability of national public funding, and other relevant policy or support measures – and drew common conclusions on where CCS deployment stands today based on Member State governments’ engagement.

Reports broken down by Member State: